Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2019
College/Unit
School of Medicine
Department/Program/Center
Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound nanoparticles released from most, if not all cells, and can carry functionally active cargo (proteins, nucleic acids) which can be taken up by neighboring cells and mediate physiologically relevant effects. In this capacity, EVs are being regarded as novel cell-to-cell communicators, which may play important roles in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aside from the canonical physical hallmarks of this disease [amyloid β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and widespread cell death], AD is characterized by chronic neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In the current study, we sought to better understand the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), known to be involved in inflammation, in mediating alterations in mitochondrial function and EV secretion. Using an immortalized hippocampal cell line, we observed significant reductions in several parameters of mitochondrial oxygen consumption after a 24-h exposure period to TNF-α. In addition, after TNF-α exposure we also observed significant upregulation of two microRNAs (miRNAs; miR-34a and miR-146a) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in secreted EVs. Despite this, when naïve cells are exposed to EVs isolated from TNF-α treated cells, mitochondrial respiration, proton leak, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are all significantly increased. Collectively these data indicate that a potent proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, induces significant mitochondrial dysfunction in a neuronal cell type, in part via the secretion of EVs, which significantly alter mitochondrial activity in recipient cells.
Digital Commons Citation
Russell, Ashley E.; Jun, Sujung; Sarkar, Saumyendra; Geldenhuys, Werener J.; Lewis, Sara E.; Rellick, Stephanie L.; and Simpkins, James W., "Extracellular Vesicles Secreted in Response to Cytokine Exposure Increase Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption in Recipient Cells" (2019). Faculty & Staff Scholarship. 2396.
https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/faculty_publications/2396
Source Citation
Russell, A. E., Jun, S., Sarkar, S., Geldenhuys, W. J., Lewis, S. E., Rellick, S. L., & Simpkins, J. W. (2019). Extracellular Vesicles Secreted in Response to Cytokine Exposure Increase Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption in Recipient Cells. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00051
Comments
© 2019 Russell, Jun, Sarkar, Geldenhuys, Lewis, Rellick and Simpkins. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.