Semester

Spring

Date of Graduation

2024

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Type

MS

College

Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design

Department

Animal and Nutritional Sciences

Committee Chair

Janet Tou

Committee Member

Chris Skinner

Committee Member

Vagner Benedito

Abstract

Background: Supplementation of olive oil and flaxseed oil and their impacts on hypertension and inflammation have been reported for healthy and hypertensive adults. However, a comprehensive systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the preventive benefit of plant oil supplementation in healthy adults and adults at risk of inflammation inducing hypertension is lacking.

Objective: to evaluate human clinical trials assessing the impact of olive oil and flaxseed oil capsules on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and select inflammatory markers in non-hypertensive and at-risk adults of hypertension.

Data sources: Four databases were searched in October 2023 including PubMed, CINHAL, Web of Science and Medline (Ovid) to identify randomized controlled placebo trials investigating the effect of either olive oil or flaxseed oil supplementation on hypertension and inflammation.

Study selection included: Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating either olive oil or flaxseed oil supplementation on healthy or at-risk adults on SBP and DBP and at least one inflammatory outcome of interest of either C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), or interleukin-6 (IL-6).

Data extraction: Two reviewers independently evaluated 1090 studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies that met these criteria underwent data extraction and were assessed for risk of bias. Meta-analysis was conducted to generate average estimates of effect.

Results: A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of data extracted from the 13 eligible studies (2 crossover designs, 11 parallel designs) with a total of 353 participants found that neither supplementation with olive oil or flaxseed oil resulted in a significant change in SBP, DBP, or CRP levels (p > 0.05) in healthy adults and adults at risk of hypertension.

Conclusion: RCTs with longer durations, higher doses. and larger cohort would be beneficial in providing a better understanding of the efficacy of olive oil and flaxseed oil supplementation on blood pressure and inflammation in both healthy adults and adults at risk of hypertension for preventative health. This is significant based on the goal of nutrition and dietary supplement use in well-being and primary disease prevention.

Download

Share

COinS