Semester

Fall

Date of Graduation

2004

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Type

MS

College

Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources

Department

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Committee Chair

Mridul Gautam.

Abstract

A cost-effective, accurate and easy-to-use in-field test method was developed that would allow regulatory bodies, such as the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to determine in-use compliance with emission standards for newly manufactured portable and stationary engines. As emissions measured during an engine-dynamometer test do not faithfully reflect real-world emissions, a test method that functions like an Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) type test method was developed. Only concentration measurements of pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen (NO x) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are required to determine compliance using this "compliance factor, F" approach. Hence, errors introduced due to engine work output measurement and exhaust flow rate measurement are avoided.;A compliance factor F, defined as the ratio of in-use concentrations NOx and CO2 to the manufacturer reported brake specific emissions of NOx and CO2 was developed and its application is illustrated in multiple ISO 8178 tests on mechanically and electronically controlled engines. Raw exhaust emissions were measured using a Mobile Emission Measurement System (MEMS) and a Method 5 system, and correlated with the constant volume sampling (CVS) measurements that were performed in accordance with the regulatory requirements. It was determined that the front-half of the Method 5 particulate matter (PM) measurement methodology is in good agreement with the CVS system. Further, a modified Method 5 sampling train comprising of a multi-hole sampling probe that spans the diameter of the exhaust stack, and a sample transfer tube maintained at ambient temperature could be a likely configuration for measuring PM from stationary and portable diesel engines operating in the field.

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