Date of Graduation

2017

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Type

MS

College

Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design

Department

Animal and Nutritional Sciences

Committee Chair

Hillar Klandorf

Committee Co-Chair

Kimberly Barnes

Committee Member

Knox Vandyke

Abstract

Selection for rapid growth in poultry can be linked to an exaggerated state of oxidative stress (reactive oxidative species, ROS). Reactive oxidative species are kept in balance by endogenous and exogenous antioxidants. Two compounds, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and berberine (BRB) a purified compound from plant root extract have been suggested to ameliorate antioxidant activity. A ten week study examined the effect of CLA and berberine supplementation on markers of oxidative stress in poultry. Broiler chickens (n=60) were equally divided into six groups; a control, a CLA group where half of the regular oil used in a standard was substituted for a CLA oil mixture of cis -9 trans-11 and trans-10 cis-12 isomers, a berberine group (BRB) consisting of berberine supplementation (200mg/Kg feed), an allopurinol (ALLO) group (25mg/kg body weight), a CLA and allopurinol (CLA+ALLO) with the same dose as the CLA and allopurinol groups and a berberine and allopurinol group (BRB+ALLO) ( 200mg/Kg feed and 25mg/kg body weight, respectively). The allopurinol was added to help induced an oxidative stress state. Body weight, plasma uric acid, plasma glucose, and relative gene expression of six endogenous liver antioxidants were measured during the course of the study. Neither berberine nor CLA had an effect on blood glucose concentration. The addition of allopurinol (ALLO) to the diet induced an oxidative stress state as measured by a significant reduction in plasma uric acid. There was a 10-fold increase in the relative mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase 2 and 3 as well as glutathione 1 and 3 in CLA+ALLO and BRB+ALLO treatment groups. Notably, CLA increased the expression of uncoupling protein 34-fold compared to control while the addition of allopurinol blocked these changes. In contrast, there was a slight increase in the BRB+ALLO treatment. No significant changes were measured in blood glucose. In the case of plasma ceramides, there was significant decrease in concentration in the redox groups compared to controls. Despite the increase in mRNA expression of the antioxidants genes, these results suggest that at the dosages administered, CLA and berberine were not effective in reversing the oxidative stress induced by allopurinol. Despite the increase in mRNA expression of the antioxidants genes, these results suggest that at the dosages administered, CLA and berberine were not effective in reversing the oxidative stress induced by allopurinol.

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